In vitro and in vivo evaluation of ellagic acid on melanogenesis inhibition
Shimogaki, Tanaka, Tamai & Masuda, Life Science Research Center, Lion Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
Synopsis
The efficacy of ellagic acid (EA), one of the naturally occurring polyphenols, in inhibiting melanogenesis was examined in vitro and in vivo. When mushroom-derived tyrosinase, a metaloprotein containing copper, was incubated with EA, enzymatic activity tended to decrease with decreasing copper concentration. Enzyme activity partially recovered when copper was added to the inactivated enzyme. Tyrosinase activity in the B16 melanoma cells was observed to recover in a dose-dependent manner when copper ions were added to the medium containing EA. Based on these results, EA is thought to react specifically with the copper located at the active centre of the tyrosinase molecule.
Furthermore, when EA was applied for 6 weeks to brownish guinea-pigs, which have melanocytes in their skin, at the same time as irradiating for 2 weeks with ultra-violet light, skin pigmentation was clearly suppressed and the skin to which EA had been applied showed features similar to that of non-irradiated skin. These areas were irradiated again when the application of EA had been completed, and skin pigmentation occurred at the former site of EA application. In similar studies with hydroquinone, re-pigmentation did not occur on the sites at which hydroquinone (1%) had been applied. Based on the results reported here, EA is thought to suppress melanogenesis by reacting with activated melanocytes and without injuring cells.
Method: Ellagic acid (1% w/v) was dispersed into distilled water/propylene glycol (10:90 v/v) Read more
Inhibitory effect of an ellagic acid-rich pomegranate extract on tyrosinase activity and ultraviolet-induced pigmentation.
Yoshimura M, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Yamakoshi J, Koga T., Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, Noda City, Chiba, Japan. "A pomegranate extract (PE) from the rind containing 90% ellagic acid was tested for its skin-whitening effect. PE showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, and the inhibition by the extract was comparable to that of arbutin, which is a known whitening agent. PE, when administered orally, also inhibited UV-induced skin pigmentation on the back of brownish guinea pigs. The intensity of the skin-whitening effect was similar between guinea pigs fed with PE and those fed with L-ascorbic acid. PE reduced the number of DOPA-positive melanocytes in the epidermis of UV-irradiated guinea pigs, but L-ascorbic acid did not. These results suggest that the skin-whitening effect of PE was probably due to inhibition of the proliferation of melanocytes and melanin synthesis by tyrosinase in melanocytes. PE, when taken orally, may be used as an effective whitening agent for the skin." Read more (Full text PDF)
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BulkActives are DIY skin care suppliers of skin actives, cosmetic ingredients, cosmeceuticals, active ingredients, and standardized botanical extracts for diy skin care products and homemade cosmetics.
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