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Silymarin

Silymarin is a flavonolignans complex that can be only found in the seeds of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum), a member of the Compositae family native to the Mediterranean, now widespread all over the world. It consists of a mixture of three bioflavonoids found in the fruit, seeds, and leaves of the milk thistle plant: silibinin, silidianin, and silicristin and a flavonoid – taxifolin. Silymarin has strong antioxidant properties (fold times vitamin E) several studies proving its free radical and ROS scavenging effects thus suitable especially for the prevention and treatment in several forms of epithelial cancer. Another area of application for the antioxidant properties of silymarin is topical skin care with results in UV protection, UV effects attenuation, Rosacea, Melasma, acne and other skin pigmentation conditions. The potent anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silymarin are used for wound management, with benefits especially for the patients with healing impairing diseases. Silymarin has very low toxicity and it is well tolerated thus appropriate for human consumption and use.

NOTE: To assist you with solubility issues, we now also sell Silymarin as two liquids: standardized pre-dissolved solution and standardized ethosome microemulsion. Just add the liquid to your cream and mix well.

13% solution gives 1% Silymarin content in final product.
38% solution gives 3% Silymarin content in final product.
63% solution gives 5% Silymarin content in final product.
34% solution gives 1%Silybin content in final product.
67% solution gives 2% Silybin content in final product.

Key benefits of Silymarin in skin care:

Antioxidant [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Sun damage protection [10] [11]
Sun damage repair [12] [13]
Anti-acne [10] [15] [17]
Anti-inflammatory [19] [20]
Lightening and brightening [16]
Treat hyperpigmentation [16]
Reduce Rosacea [10] [15]

Request here to get alert when the products comes back in stock

Product Code: BulkActives
Assay: 80%, 8%, 0.8%
CAS#: 65666-07-1
Net weight: 30g /1.06oz & 100g / 3.53oz
Availability:

Standardized preDissolved solution 150g - Options Out of Stock
Standardized Powder 30g - Options In Stock

Price: $7.80

Available Options

* Property:
(Stock: 0) Standardized preDissolved solution 150g ($9.60)
(Stock: 98) Standardized Powder 30g ($7.80)

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About Silymarin in DIY Skin Care

Silymarin is a generic name for the entire group of flavonolignans principles that can be only found in the seeds of silybum marianum (commonly known as milk thistle). Silymarin consists of 3 isomers: silibinin - primary flavonolignan, silidianin and silicristin [1]. Seeds of Silybum marianum have been used for more than 2000 years to treat liver and gallbladder disorders and to protect the liver against poisoning from chemical and environmental toxins. Silymarin is a consecrated hepatoprotector and antioxidant. More recently, due to the breakthroughs in biochemistry and pharmacology a whole new perspective spectrum of healthcare applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, cardio and neuro protective, hypocholesterolemic and others is developing [2]. Silymarin has very low toxicity and inexistent adverse reactions, making it suitable for human consumption and use [3]

The main focus in silymarin effects is based on its antioxidant properties. As any bioflavonoid silymarin scavenges free radicals that can damage cells exposed to toxins. Silymarin has been said to be at least ten times more potent in antioxidant activity than vitamin E [4]. One of the silymarin non-flavonolignan isomer, taxifolin, is also known to have powerful antioxidant properties, thus enhancing the overall preventive and curative effects [5]. Numerous studies focused on silymarin emphasized categorical benefits as an anti-hepatic cancer by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cells [6]. Double blind, randomized, prospective tests in patients with liver cirrhosis showed a considerably higher survival rate in the silymarin treated group [7]. Recent studies highlighted that the anti-toxic effect of the silymarin is not based on fighting the toxin as supposed but by having an inhibitory action trough binding to cell membranes and therefore inhibit toxin penetration of the cell membrane [8].

Due to good skin penetration of its flavonolignans - especially silibinin – silymarin is the ideal candidate for topical skin care [9]. Multiple studies were conducted, confirming silymarin increased efficiency in UV protection and skin cancer prevention and treatment. Skin exposure to solar UV radiation induces a number of skin disorders, including erythema, edema, immune suppression, photoaging, melanogenesis and skin cancers. Both UVA and UVB radiation activate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which create oxidative stress in skin cells and play an essential role in initiation and proliferation of skin aging and carcinogenesis. Because of its potent antioxidant activity and recognized potential as an antiphotodamage and anticarcinogenic agent, the extract of Silybum marianum is suitable for inclusion in topical skin care products and sunscreen as active ingredient [10] [11].

Topical application of silymarin prior to UVB irradiation resulted in a substantial protection against photocarcinogenesis. This effect of silymarin is due to inhibition of several different events associated with UVB-induced tumor initiation and tumor promotion. In studies assessing the protection against UVB radiation -induced tumor initiation, silymarin showed considerable reduction in tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity and tumor volume [12] [13]. Silymarin inhibits growth and causes regression of established skin tumours via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and induction of apoptosis, making it a perfect candidate for the treatment in several types of epithelial cancer in humans [13], [14].

Several studies with statistical relevant results were conducted on silymarin effects in reducing Rosacea [10] [15] and Melasma [16], both skin conditions with facial manifestations. In Rosacea, silymarin action is multicentric and multiphase because of the direct modulating action on cytokines and angiokines normally involved and up-regulated in the case of such skin condition [15], while in melasma silymarin decreased the expression of tyrosinase protein inhibiting the melanin production [16]. Silymarin effects in other skin conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo [15] and acne [17] are currently investigated showing promising outcomes. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory properties of silymarin proved to be efficient in wound management. Silymarin generated an increased fibroblast proliferation, collagen bundle synthesis and hair follicle population and consequently wound closure [19] and also modulated the inflammatory processes and total cellularity, improving the cellular and tissue maturity and increasing collagen and GAG production thus facilitating faster and better healing [20].

The Sunscreen Paradox:Popular Misconceptions About Skin Cancer Prevention

"The milk thistle plant contains silibinin and silymarin, two compounds that are well known for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing properties in the context of liver disease. Less well known—but equally important—are the documented benefits of milk thistle extract against skin cancer.Topical application of silymarin significantly decreased skin cancer number and size in a validated model of tumor promotion. These findings are supported by other studies that show similar effects for silibinin. For example, silibinin protects against UV light-induced DNA damage and cancer cell growth. Additionally, research shows that silibinin enhances the powerful tumor suppressor gene p53, a genetic factor that protects against cancer. Silibinin acts by other mechanisms to prevent UV light-induced skin cancer. In fact, some findings suggest that silibinin can help to repair DNA damage caused by previous exposure to UV light. Since milk thistle extract is well tolerated and acts in several ways to fight the cancer-causing effects of solar radiation, leading researchers believe it may be an ideal addition to sunscreen formulations." The Sunscreen Paradox:Popular Misconceptions About Skin Cancer PreventionBy Steven V. Joyal, MD

Silymarin As an Anti-Inflammatory and Inhibitor of UV-Induced Skin Damage

NOTE: To assist you with solubility issues, we now also sell Silymarin as two liquids: standardized pre-dissolved solution and standardized ethosome microemulsion. Just add the liquid to your cream and mix well.

Silymarin Standardized Powder

Assay: Silymarin 80%, Silybin 30%
CAS#: 65666-07-1 or 22888-70-6
INCI: Silymarin
Botanical source: Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn.
Used part: seeds
Appearance: Powder

Solubility: 5% Silymarin in 95% 1,3-Propanediol (heated)
Suggested percentage: 3 to 5%

Storage: Store in cool and dry place. Keep away from direct strong light and heat.
Country of origin; China

Silymarin Standardized Pre Dissolved Solution - 10%

Assay: Silymarin 8%, Silybin 3%
CAS#: 504-63-2, 65666-07-1 or 22888-70-6
INCI: 1,3-Propanediol, Silymarin
Appearance: dark yellow liquid

Solubility: add to cream
Suggested percentage:
13% solution gives 1% Silymarin content in final product.
38% solution gives 3% Silymarin content in final product.
63% solution gives 5% Silymarin content in final product.
34% solution gives 1%Silybin content in final product.
67% solution gives 2% Silybin content in final product.

Storage: Store in fridge, do not freeze
Country of origin for raw material: China
Country of manufacture: Taiwan

Pure Silybin

We have been asked to stock pure Silybin. Here is the the reason why this is not possible for DIY skin care:

"For long term storage, we suggest that silybin be stored as supplied at -20°C. It should be stable for at least two years.
Silybin is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the silybin in an organic solvent purged with an inert gas.
Silybin is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide.
The solubility of silybin in these solvents is approximately 0.1, 10, and 20 mg/ml, respectively.
Silybin is sparingly soluble in aqueous buffers. For maximum solubility in aqueous buffers, silybin should first be dissolved in DMF and then diluted with the aqueous buffer of choice.
Silybin has a solubility of approximately 0.5 mg/ml in a 1:9 solution of DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) using this method.
We do not recommend storing the aqueous solution for more than one day."

[1]        Dennis J. McKenna, Kenneth Jones, Kerry Hfughes, Sheila Humphrey,” Botanical Medicines: The Desk Reference for Major Herbal Supplements”, Second edition, ISBN 0-7890-1265-0, pp 765-809
[2]        Vladimir Kren, Daniela Walterova,”Sylibin and Sylimarin – new effects and applications” Biomed. Papers 149(1), 29–41 (2005)
[3]        World Health Organization, “Monographs on selected medicinal plants”, part 2, pp 300-316, 1999[4]        Ajit Kiran Kaur, A.K.Wahi, Brijesh Kumar, Anil Bhandari, Neelkant Prasad, “Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum): A review”, International Journal of Pharma. Research & Development, ISSN:0974-9446, 2011
[5]        Kevin P. Anthony, Mahmoud A. Saleh, “Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidant Activities of Silymarin Components”, Antioxidants, 2, 398-407; doi:10.3390/antiox20403, ISSN:2076-3921, 2013
[6]        G. Ramakrishnan, L. Lo Muzio, C. M. Elinos-Báez, S. Jagan, T. A. Augustine, S. Kamaraj,P. Anandakumar, T. Devaki, “Silymarin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in hepatic cancer cells”, Cell Proliferation, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2008.00581.x, pp 229–240, 2009
[7]        P.Ferenci, B.Dragosics, H.Dittrich, H.Frank, L.Brenda, H.Lochs, S.Meryn, W.Base, B.Schneider, “Randomized controlled trial of silymarin treatment in patients with cirrhosis of the liver”, Journal of Hepatology, vol.9, pp.105-113, July 1989[8]        Khunnala A, Narongchai S, Butkrachang S, Leelarungrayub D, Narongchai P, “Anti-Oxidative Stress Activities of Silibinin on alpha-Amanitin In Vitro”, Thai Journal of Toxicology, 24(2): 106-112, 2009
[9]        Chi-feng Hung, Yin-ku Lin, Li-wen Zhang, Ching-hsien Chang, Jia-you Fang, “Topical delivery of silymarin constituents via the skin route”, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica” pp 118–126; doi: 10.1038/aps.2009.186, 2010
[10]      Palma Feher, Miklos Vecsernyes, Ferenc Fenyvesi, Judit Varadi, Timea Kiss, Zoltan Ujhelyi, Katalin Nagy, Ildiko Bacskay, “ Topical application of Sylibum Marianum Extract” , Jurnal Medical Aradean (Arad Medical Journal) Vol. XIV, issue 2, pp. 5-8, 2011
[11]      Alena Svobodova, Jitka Psotova, Daniela Walterova, “Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. A Review”, Biomed. Papers 147(2), 137–145, 2003
[12]      Santosh K. Katiyar, Neil J. Korman, Hasan Mukhtar, Rajesh Agarwal, “Protective Effects of Silymarin Against Photocarcinogenesis in a Mouse Skin Model”, Journal National Cancer Institute, pp 556-565, 1997
[13]      Rana P. Singh, Anil K Tyagi, Jifu Zhao, Rajesh Agarwal, “Silymarin inhibits growth and causes regression of established skin tumors in SENCAR mice via modulation of mitogen activated protein kinases and induction of apoptosis”, Carcinogenesis, vol.23, pp. 499-510, 2003[14]      Moushumi Lahiri-Chatterjee, Santos K. Katiyar, Rajiv R. Mohan, Rajesh Agarwal, “A Flavonoid Antioxidant, Silymarin, Affords Exceptionally High Protection against Tumor Promotion in the SENCAR Mouse Skin Tumorigenesis Model” Cancer Ressearch, pp 499-510 1999
[15]      E.Berardesca, N.Cameli, C.Cavallotti, J.L. Levy, G. Pierard, G. de Paoli Ambrosi, “Combined effects of silymarin and methylsulfonylmethane in the management of rosacea: clinical and instrumental evaluation”, Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, doi: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00355.x, pp 8-14, 2008
[16]      Tagreed Altaei, “The treatment of melasma by silymarin cream”, BMC Dermatology 201, pp 12-18, 2012[17]      Shadi Mehraban, Amir Feily, “Silymarin in Dermatology: A Brief Review”, PigmentaryDdisorders,Volume 1, Issue 4, doi:1000125, 2014
[18]      Haidar Hamid Al-Anbari, Ahmed Salih Sahib, Ahmed R. Abu Raghif, " Effects of silymarin, N-acetylcysteine and selenium in the treatment of papulopustular acne”, Oxidants and Antioxidants in medical science, doi: 10.5455, 2012
[19]      Soheil Ashkani-Esfahani , Yasaman Emami, Elmira Esmaeilzadeh, Fereshteh Bagheri, Mohammad Reza Namazi , Marzieh Keshtkar, Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh, Ali Noorafshan, “Silymarin enhanced fibroblast proliferation and tissue regeneration in full thickness skin wounds in rat models; a stereological study”, Journal of the Saudi Society of Dermatology & Dermatologic Surgery, pp 7–12 , 2012
[20]      A. Oryan, A. Tabatabaei Naeini,A. Moshiri,A. Mohammadalipour,M.R. Tabandeh, “Modulation of cutaneous wound healing by silymarin in rats”, Journal of Wound Care, vol 21, no 4649, 2012