the FAQ and Delivery Info pages!
Any long delivery delays are caused by The Canada Border Services Agency.
I now ONLY offer EMS as a shipping option to Canada.
This appears to have resolved most of the delays caused by The Canada Border Services Agency.
We take NO responsibility for delivery issues caused by customers entering the wrong address in the checkout page
BulkActives is a part-time business. Orders are processed and mailed on Saturdays. (TimeZone Order Deadline Chart)
We sell COSMETIC RAW MATERIALS, which are meant to be used at an appropriate percentage in a cosmetic formulation of your devising. Please do not order our products unless you know how to formulate creams and lotions with it!
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PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE READ THIS!!!!
Please READ this before placing an order, and select the CORRECT shipping option for your country at checkout!
Due to Wuhan Pneumonia Virus (aka Covid-19) border restrictions and a reduction or cancellation of flights by airlines, we CAN ONLY ship to the counries listed below!
We have also been advised to expect delivery delays at your end, and yes, that INCLUDES USA customers!!!
UK customers, we are finally ABLE to ship to the UK.
We CAN ship to:
Registered Airmail and EMS:
NORTH AMERICA: USA (NOT including Hawaii and Guam), UK
ASIA: China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Macau, Philippines
EUROPE: France, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Finland
EMS only ! (Do NOT select Registered Airmail at checkout)
NORTH AMERICA: Canada
EUROPE: Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden, Czech, Italy
OCEANIA: New Zealand, Australia
Registered Airmail only!
Cambodia, Spain, Austria, Slovakia, Bahrain, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Lithuania
IMPORTANT: If your country is NOT in the above lists, then we CANNOT ship to you at the moment.
If your country does not accept Registered Airmail, then do NOT select it from the shipping options at checkout!
Skin is the largest organ of the human body performing several vital functions such as physical and chemical protection [1], sensation, thermoregulation, excretion and storage. Skin structures protect not only the outer body but also the internal organs. The skin major layers are epidermis – the external layer mainly composed out of keratinocytes that produce keratin and melanocytes that produce melanin – the skin pigment, dermis – mainly composed of collagen and elastin acting as connective tissue and the skin supporting tissue called hypodermis – a fat cells and blood vessel base. Epidermis, the outermost skin layer, plays the most important role in the barrier function, acting against physical and chemical aggressions [2] [3].
The actual skin color of human skin which may vary from dark brown to light pink is influenced by several substances, but the single most important substance is the pigment melanin. Melanin is produced by melanocytes located in the epidermis and has the fundamental role in pigmenting keratinocytes, being the main determinant of the skin color [4]. There is a proved direct proportionality causal correlation between skin pigmentation and the geographic distribution of UV radiation meaning that in the areas where the sun exposure is stronger and prolonged the indigenous population has darker pigmented skin. This enforces the importance of melanin and implicitly skin color in UVR protection [5].
Melanin pigment production is called melanogenesis. It takes place in the melanocytes by a cytoplasm organelle called melanosome [6]. Melanin production has four phases directly correlated with the four stages of development of melanosomes that starts with an spherical non-pigmented shape and evolve into full concentration of melanin that is distributed along microtubes and further on via melanocytes’s dendridic structures to keratinocytes that will pigment accordingly. An interesting fact is that both fair and dark skin contains an approximately equal number of melanocytes, thus a similar theoretical capacity of producing melanin. What differs is the size of melanosomes and the degree of pigmentation as well as the production rate (all higher in darker skin). Skin pigmentation and implicitly skin colors and tones are a result of a mixture of the two types of melanin eumelanin – more frequent in darker skin and pheomelanin – more frequent in the lighter skin [7].
As any living mechanism, skin pigmentation is also a process that sometimes presents anomalies that can be temporal or permanent. Changes in the normal melanin production with either local or generalized manifestations are generally called skin pigmenting disorders. There are several classifications of skin pigmentation disorders, based on various criteria. The most common classification is based on the hypo (lowered) or hyper (increased) pigmentation of the diseased skin as presented in table 1 – an enumeration of the most common skin pigmentation disorders [8].
Hyperpigmentation |
Hypopigmentation |
|
|
Table 1 – most common skin pigmentation disorders [8]
While not much can be done topically when it comes to congenital skin pigmenting disorders no matter if they are primary or secondary to the disease in the past years considerable progress has been made in the local treatment of pigmentary disorders, especially in hyperpigmentation.
Causes for skin pigmentation imbalance are multiple and heterogeneous, from postinflammatory, UVR exposure, pregnancy to aging thus topical treatment is based on several mechanisms that counteract against the multiple array of factors. The substances that have proved efficiency in treating pigmentary disorders are generically called lightening and brightening agents. Based on their active principles the topical solutions against acquired hyper and hypo pigmenting can be categorized in 4 major groups, as presented in table 2 [7] [9] [10]
Group |
Agents |
Tyrosinase inhibitors |
|
Melanosome transfer inhibitors |
|
Antioxidants |
|
Epidermal turnover accelerants and desquamators |
|
Table 2 – classification of the most common skin lightening and brightening agents [7]
In the tyrosine inhibitors group flavonoids for example are naturally occurring in various plants and fruits, the more red-orange-yellow spectrum colored, the higher the flavonoid concentration. Flavonoids may have hypopigmenting capabilities by directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity at distal portions of the melanogenic pathway.Flavonoids inhibit enzymes due to their abilities to chelate copper at the active site and may also have ROS scavenging properties For example, hesperidin – a plant flavonoid – is proved to have anti-melanin and anti-yellowing effects [11] [12]. Another flavonoid, quercetin is also effective against age-related hyperpigmentation [13]. Isoflavones, important flavonoid components are renowned for their multiple benefic properties can be found in several extracts such as pomegranate, white willow, grapes seed, soy and many others. Licorice extract (Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate) is also known to be effective in inhibiting the tyrosine mechanism [7]. ferulic acid and Gamma oryzanol were shown to have dual inhibitory activities for cellular melanogenesis by inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity and reducing MITF and target genes in the PKA-dependent pathway [31]. Ellagic acid, is a natural polyphenol that is widely found in fruits and vegetables including berries, green tea and pomegranate with strong antioxidative properties and tyrosinase inhibition. The extract of the rinds of pomegranate contains 40% ellagic acid and showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase in vitro. The mechanism of action of ellagic acid may due to chelating copper at the active site of tyrosinase to reduce its activity and inhibition of proliferation of melanocytes and melanin synthesis. In addition, the antioxidative and ROS-scavenging activities of EA may contribute to its skin-whitening effect.
Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is the champion in the melanosome transfer ingibitors cayegory, several studies showing its effect on reducing hyperpigmentation[15]. In clinical studies, topical 4% niacinamide inhibits pigmentation [15] [16]. A greater effect was seen when combined with 2% n-acetyl glucosamine, a hyaluronic acid precursor [14] [16].
In the Antioxidants category the absolute star is Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) since it and its derivative actives have been used for ages, long before science proved their efficiency. Both in vitro and in vivo trials proved that ascorbic acid plays an important role especially in sun exposure induced hyperpigmentation [17][18][19]. Vitamin E is also an effective antioxidant and sun damage repair agent and implicitly in UVR related pigmentation. Other antioxidants such as silymarin [20], ferulic acid [21], grape seeds extracts [22], green tea extracts [23], pine bark extracts [24], pomegranate extracts [25] [26] act as effective anti-pigmenting agents.
In the Epidermal turnover accelerants and desquamator category one the most remarkable agents are lactic acid an alpha hydroxy acids, which were proven as an efficient anti-pigmenting agent in several studies in which topical application decreased hyperpigmentation or the appearance of age spots [27] [28]. At low concentrations AHAs promotes exfoliation by decreasing corneocyte cohesion and stimulating new growth in the basal layer, while at higher concentrations AHAs promote epidermolysis and dispersed basal layer melanin.The accelerated desquamation of the stratum corneum by AHAs is complemented by a direct inhibition of tyrosinase. Resveratrol is another lightening and brightening agent efficient in topical ointments [29][30][31].
Fatty acids such as Linoleic acid reduce the activity of tyrosinase in melanocytes and selectively target tyrosinase by altering the tyrosinase protein content in hyperactive melanocytes. Linoleic acid also influences skin pigmentation by stimulating epidermal turnover and increased desquamation of melanin pigment from the epidermis.
L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an essential nutrient which has many cosmetic benefits. It is a remarkable antioxidant and can scavenge reactive oxygen species and other free radicals, protecting the skin from oxidative stress. It can stimulate collagen synthesis by promoting cross-linking and stabilizing collagen molecules, upregulating collagen genes, increasing the transcription of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1, and inducing fibroblast proliferation. It reduces pigmentation by suppressing tyrosinase, which is important for melanin production. It is an anti-inflammatory agent and can be used to treat inflammatory skin disease such as erythema. Together, L-ascorbic acid provides powerful anti-aging properties and has been shown to reduce wrinkles, improve elasticity, and protect against sun damage. Stability and absorption of L-ascorbic acid is a concern. While the anhydrous L-ascorbic acid might be the most stable form, adding vitamin E not only helps stabilizing L-ascorbic acid, but the two have synergistic effects on anti-aging. Used in: philosopy's turbo booster c powder and SkinCeuticals.
Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate (Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate) is a molecule derived from vitamin C and isopalmitic acid. Pure vitamin C has several drawbacks for cosmeceutical use, most important of which is the low stability. Chemically modified vitamin molecules are more stable, and pure vitamin is released from the derivatives inside the body. Therefore, the effects of Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate are similar to those of vitamin C, most importantly it is able to act as an antioxidant. Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate reduces the production of oxidizing agents, which contribute to cell damage after exposure to UV or chemical hazards. This effect is even stronger in the modified molecule than in pure vitamin C. Additionally, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate protects against DNA damage and skin darkening caused by UV exposure. Finally, skin visual appearance is also improved by Ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate, as it promotes collagen synthesis and acts as a hydrating agent in reducing skin roughness.
Carnitine is a naturally occurring substance, necessary for fat and glucose metabolism in human body cells. Primary function of carnitine in pharmacy is the reduction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are proteins, damaged by reactions with sugars, therefore glycation is most prominent in diabetes patients. It also occurs in many other diseases, as well as natural ageing processes. Dermal carnitine applications reduce the level of glycated collagen and promote synthesis of new protein. Since it is involved in lipid metabolism, carnitine is used for acne treatment. It effectively reduces sebum secretion and skin oiliness. Carnitine preparations also improve other aspects of the skin, such as tonicity, and reduce cellulite. Finally, it aids skin regeneration after damage, such as burns, and promotes blood vessel formation. Regretably, due to Candian law and PayPal regulations, this product may NOT be shipped to Canada.
Coenzyme Q10 is a molecule naturally involved in energy metabolism in all human cells. Among its many benefits, the antioxidant properties are the most researched. This molecule can prevent oxidation damage to water-insoluble molecules, DNA mutations, collagen synthesis decrease, pigmentation, inflammation and other adverse effects associated with UV exposure and ageing. In combination with vitamin E or other antioxidants, an exceedingly strong antioxidative effect can be achieved. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 has a unique capability to protect against infrared A radiation, which is also found in sunlight. The promotion of collagen synthesis makes this coenzyme useful in treating ageing-associated skin changes, such as wrinkle appearance. Finally, its anti-inflammatory effect is beneficial not only for UV-damaged skin, but also for wound healing support.
NOTE: To assist you with solubility issues, we now also sell CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10) as a liquid standardized pre-dissolved solution. Just add the liquid to your cream and mix well.
Ethyl ascorbic acid is a molecule produced by modifying ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. This modification is done to increase the molecule’s stability and enhance its transport through skin, as pure vitamin C is easily degraded. In the body, the modifying group is removed and vitamin C is restored in its natural form. Thus, ethylascorbic acid retains the benefits of vitamin C, such as antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it is even more potent in reducing skin darkening after UV exposure. It even has some additional effects, not observed in pure ascorbic acid, such as promoting nerve cell growth or reducing chemotherapy damage. Finally, the slower release also ensures that no toxic effects are observed when using this vitamin C derivative.
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter with purported dermatological benefits. Several patents indicated that GABA can be used as a wrinkle relaxer based on its inhibitory effect on muscles. Some patents also claim that GABA can dilate skin peripheral blood vessels, moisturize and prevent aging, suppress parakeratosis and shrink pores, as well as whitening the skin. However there is no scientific data to support these claims. On the other hand, a preliminary research study has shown that GABA can stimulate hyaluronic acid synthesis and protect the fibroblasts from oxidative stress. Another study showed that GABA was able to upregulate beta-defensin-2, which is an anti-microbial peptide, and filaggrin, which plays a role in normal barrier function of the skin. Lastly, GABA might be useful in combating inflammation associated with psoriasis based on preliminary findings that GABA receptors are expressed in white blood cells in psoriatic skin. Overall, the evidence of GABA in supporting skin health is very weak, and consumers are warned for its application.
Unsubstantiated benefits of GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) in skin care:
Gamma-oryzanol is an ingredient produced from rice bran. It contains several related molecules, build on a ferulic acid backbone, all of which share antioxidant properties. They are particularly useful in protecting lipids, such as oils, which makes oryzanol an attractive ingredient in oil-containing preparations. Furthermore, it helps reduce skin darkening from UV exposure, as well as ageing-related skin symptoms, such as roughness and wrinkling. Since gamma-oryzanol activates sebum glands, it can be used for alleviating various conditions causing dry skin. In respect to collagen degradation, oryzanol can slow down this process even more efficiently than vitamin C, thus resulting in thicker and smoother skin. At the moment, even more possible applications of oryzanol are being investigated, such as treating hair loss or preventing damage from chemotherapy. As gamma oryzanol is oil soluble, it is an ideal active to use instead of pure ferulic acid (which is alcohol soluble).
N-acetyl glucosamine is a compound with a wealth of uses for improving skin condition. It is a known precursor to hyaluronic acid, a major component of skin structure. Hyaluronic acid is essential for hydration and n-acetyl glucosamine has been shown to increase moisture. N-acetyl glucosamine helps heal wounds, increase collagen, and reduce acne. It reduces hyperpigmentation, especially when combined with niacinamide, a member of the vitamin B3 family. It has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which allow it to help heal and prevent sun damage. Overall, this compound can help prevent premature aging and reduce signs of aging, such as wrinkles, especially when combined with niacinamide.
NOTE: To assist you with solubility issues, we now also sell Pomegranate Extract as a standardized pre-dissolved solution. Just add the liquid to your cream and mix well.
Glucan is a polymer, produced from glucose molecules in fungi, seaweed and other organisms. Many types of this polymer exist, but yeast beta-glucan has the optimal structure and size for biological activity. It has significant effects in wound healing – glucan is already used to treat burn patients, as it promotes regeneration of the skin, reduces pain and improves scar appearance. Furthermore, it is able to activate the immune system to fight against infections, making it additionally useful in open wound care. Additionally, it helps the skin to maintain its barrier function after damage by chemicals, such as detergents. The antioxidant properties of this polymer help protect the skin cells against UV or other sources of oxidative damage. Skin ageing symptoms, such as darkening, sunburn and collagen degradation, can also be reduced by applying this compound.